Dr Mame Aminata Ndir, dermatologist: “Depigmenting products can cause several complications”

While social networks contribute to trivializing the quest for a clear complexion, depigmenting products are causing growing concern in the medical community. Pigmentary disorders, skin infections, diabetes, high blood pressure, healing difficulties and risk of skin cancer are among the complications mentioned by Dr Mame Aminata Ndir, dermatologist. In this interview, she warns of the dangers of prolonged use of hydroquinone and corticosteroids, and calls for greater awareness of the consequences of depigmentation on health.

Interview

What are the risks associated with the use of lightening products, including hydroquinone and corticosteroids?

Depigmenting products can cause several complications. Concerning hydroquinone, the most frequently observed effects are pigmentary disorders, in particular exogenous ochronosis, which manifests itself by abnormal coloring of the skin. Some lesions can become particularly concerning with exposure to the sun. Regarding the risk of skin cancer, there are many medical concerns. Corticosteroids, often present in lightening mixtures, can cause many skin complications. They weaken the skin and promote bacterial infections, abscesses, scabies and fungal infections. In some cases, complications may require hospitalization, particularly in cases of erysipelas, a skin infection that frequently affects the lower limbs. Stretch marks and thinning of the skin may also be observed. When corticosteroids are absorbed into the body, excessive or prolonged use can lead to general complications, including elevated blood sugar, diabetes, high blood pressure, and in some circumstances, kidney damage.

How does depigmentation weaken the skin and what signs should alert users?

Melanin plays an essential role in protecting the skin against ultraviolet rays. Certain depigmenting products disrupt its production or distribution. By reducing this natural protection, they can make the skin more vulnerable to the effects of the sun and to certain skin lesions. The level of risk, however, depends on the substances used and their method of use. Several signs should alert people who use these products. Unusual weight gain may in particular be linked to prolonged use of powerful corticosteroids, which can also disrupt sugar metabolism and modify fat distribution. You should also watch for the appearance of sores, stretch marks, thinning of the skin or persistent pigmented lesions on the face and back. An abnormal accumulation of fat at the base of the neck, called a buffalo hump, may suggest excess exposure to corticosteroids. Faced with these signs, a medical consultation is necessary.

What are the dangers of these products and what complications have you encountered in your practice?

The use of potent corticosteroids, particularly in depigmenting preparations applied to large body surfaces for a prolonged period, may pose risks to the mother and fetus. Some side effects may affect the baby’s development. However, the risks depend on the product used, the dose and the duration of exposure. Depigmentation can also complicate surgical treatment. Weakened skin can present healing difficulties. In the case of a cesarean section, this can particularly compromise the proper healing of the surgical wound and complicate postoperative care. In my practice, I have encountered cases of cancer, numerous cases of diabetes and high blood pressure, as well as skin complications.

By Amadou KÉBÉ